Mastering 4.1

Check notes from Big Z course.

Purpose of Mastering 4.1.1

Mastering meters 4.1.2

Compression 4.1.3

EQ 4.1.4

Limiting 4.1.5 True Peak will catch clipping where a smoothed waveform would clip when reconstituted from samples, 44kHz.

Dithering 4.1.6 Keep at 24-bit if everything's 24-bit. If bouncing to 16-bit then apply Dither. It adds subtle noise to avoid buzzing when rendering at the lower resolution.

Loudness

RMS is traditional measure, leading to an avergae volume.

LUFS - integrated and short-term

LUI - average of blocks, ignoring quiet blocks

LUS - short-term, rolling average

Spotify recommends -14dBFS a bad idea

Target of -7dBFS says Big Z

Delivery formats 4.1.7